&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">07 Temmuz 2022 tarihli 31889 sayılı Resmi Gazete’de yayımlanan bir kanun ile 6563 sayılı Elektronik Ticaretin Düzenlenmesi Hakkında Kanun’da (“Kanun”) önemli değişiklikler yapılmıştı.&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">   İlgili değişiklikle, Kanun’a “elektronik ticaret hizmet sağlayıcı” ve “elektronik ticaret aracı hizmet sağlayıcı” tanımları ve bu hizmet sağlayıcıların yükümlülükleri eklenmişti. Ayrıca, bu hizmet sağlayıcılar için Kanun’da farklı eşikler belirlenerek, belirlenen eşikleri aşan hizmet sağlayıcılar için birtakım ek yükümlülükler düzenlenmişti. Yine aynı Kanun’da, belirlenen eşiklerin Cumhurbaşkanı tarafından 2023 Şubat ayı içerisinde yarısına kadar arttırılabileceğine yer verilmişti.&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">23 Şubat 2023 tarihli 32112 sayılı Resmi Gazete’de yayımlanan Cumhurbaşkanı Kararı ile ilgili eşiklerin yarısı oranında arttırılmasına karar verilmiştir. Değişiklik sonucunda, elektronik ticaret hizmet sağlayıcıların ve elektronik ticaret aracı hizmet sağlayıcıların ek yükümlülüklere tabi olması ile sonuçlanacak parasal eşikler aşağıdaki gibidir:&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;table class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
    &lt;tbody>
        &lt;tr>
            &lt;td width="160" style="width: 160px; padding: 0px 7px;">
                &lt;p align="center" style="font-size: 16px; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; margin: 8px 0px; text-align: center; line-height: 125%;">&lt;strong>&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 125%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">Kategori&lt;/span>&lt;/strong>&lt;/p>
            &lt;/td>
            &lt;td width="463" style="width: 461px; padding: 0px 7px;">
                &lt;p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; text-align: center;">&lt;strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">Bir
                            Takvim Yılındaki Net İşlem Hacmi&lt;/span>&lt;/strong>&lt;/p>
            &lt;/td>
        &lt;/tr>
        &lt;tr>
            &lt;td width="160" style="width: 160px; padding: 0px 7px;">
                &lt;p align="center" style="font-size: 16px; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; margin: 8px 0px; text-align: center; line-height: 125%;">&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 125%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">Orta Ölçekli&lt;/span>&lt;/p>
            &lt;/td>
            &lt;td width="463" style="width: 461px; padding: 0px 7px;">
                &lt;p style="font-size: 16px; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; margin: 8px 0px; line-height: 125%;">&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 125%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">15 Milyar TL üzeri&lt;/span>&lt;/p>
            &lt;/td>
        &lt;/tr>
        &lt;tr>
            &lt;td width="160" style="width: 160px; padding: 0px 7px;">
                &lt;p align="center" style="font-size: 16px; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; margin: 8px 0px; text-align: center; line-height: 125%;">&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 125%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">Büyük Ölçekli&lt;/span>&lt;/p>
            &lt;/td>
            &lt;td width="463" style="width: 461px; padding: 0px 7px;">
                &lt;p style="font-size: 16px; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; margin: 8px 0px; line-height: 125%;">&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 125%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">45 Milyar TL üzeri (&lt;em style="box-sizing: border-box;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">ve
                                iptal ve iadeler hariç işlem sayısı 100 bin adet üzeri&lt;/span>&lt;/em>)&lt;/span>&lt;/p>
            &lt;/td>
        &lt;/tr>
        &lt;tr>
            &lt;td width="160" style="width: 160px; padding: 0px 7px;">
                &lt;p align="center" style="font-size: 16px; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; margin: 8px 0px; text-align: center; line-height: 125%;">&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 125%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">Çok Büyük Ölçekli&lt;/span>&lt;/p>
            &lt;/td>
            &lt;td width="463" style="width: 461px; padding: 0px 7px;">
                &lt;p style="font-size: 16px; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; margin: 8px 0px; line-height: 125%;">&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 125%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">90 Milyar TL üzeri (ve iptal ve
                        iadeler hariç işlem sayısı 100 bin adet üzeri)&lt;/span>&lt;/p>
            &lt;/td>
        &lt;/tr>
    &lt;/tbody>&lt;/table>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Net işlem hacmi ve işlem sayısının hesaplanmasında, yurt dışına yönelik işlemler dikkate alınmamaktadır.&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">   Kanun’da düzenlenen diğer yükümlülüklerin yanısıra, ilgili hizmet sağlayıcıların 01 Ocak 2025 tarihinde yürürlüğe girecek olan “elektronik ticaret lisansı” alma yükümlülüğüne tabi olmaları bakımından belirlenen parasal eşik ise, bir takvim yılındaki net işlem hacimlerinin &lt;/span>&lt;u>15 milyar Türk lirası&lt;/u>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> (ve iptal ve iadeler hariç işlem sayısı 100 bin adet) üzeri olarak değiştirilmiştir.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">    Elektronik ticaret aracı hizmet sağlayıcılar için, elektronik ticaret lisansı için belirlenen bu eşiklerin aşılıp aşılmadığının tespitinde, ekonomik bütünlük içinde bulunan elektronik ticaret aracı hizmet sağlayıcıların net işlem hacimleri ve işlem sayıları dikkate alınmaktadır.&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">   Ek olarak, Ticaret Bakanlığı 01 Ocak 2024 itibari ile elektronik ticaret hacminin yıllık değişim oranına göre ilgili parasal eşikleri arttırma yetkisine sahip olacaktır.&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">   Elektronik Ticaret Hizmet Sağlayıcı ve Elektronik Ticaret Aracı Hizmet Sağlayıcılar Hakkında Yönetmelik hakkında detaylı bilgi için &lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;a href="https://turkishlawblog.com/insights/detail/regulation-on-e-commerce-intermediary-service-providers-and-e-commerce-service-providers" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(3, 102, 132);">buraya tıklayarak&lt;/a>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> makalemize ulaşabilirsiniz.&lt;/span>&lt;/p>

07 Temmuz 2022 tarihli 31889 sayılı Resmi Gazete’de yayımlanan bir kanun ile 6563 sayılı Elektronik Ticaretin Düzenlenmesi Hakkında Kanun’da (“Kanun”) önemli değişiklikler yapılmıştı.    İlgili değişiklikle, Kanun’a “elektronik ticaret hizmet sağlayıcı” ve “elektronik ticaret aracı hizmet sağlayıcı” tanımları ve bu hizmet sağlayıcıların yükümlülükleri eklenmişti. Ayrıca, bu hizmet sağlayıcılar için Kanun’da farklı eşikler belirlenerek, belirlenen eşikleri aşan hizmet sağlayıcılar için birtakım ek yükümlülükler düzenlenmişti. Yine aynı Kanun’da, belirlenen eşiklerin Cumhurbaşkanı tarafından 2023 Şubat ayı içerisinde yarısına kadar arttırılabileceğine yer verilmişti.

Elektronik Ticaret Hizmet Sağlayıcılar için Belirlenen Parasal Eşikler Arttırıldı

Hatice Ekici Tağa is a partner at
Ozdagistanli Ekici where she leads the IP and Commercial Contracts department.Her experience spans a wide range of
areas including advertising, franchise contracts, movie/tv license contracts,
trademark disputes, multijurisdictional patent settlements, prize promotions.
She has been representing multinational clients in various trademark, IP and
patent disputes for over 12 years.Hatice also acts as trusted counsel to
world’s leading food and beverage brands in their franchise and
commercialization agreements.She also manages anti-piracy and
anti-counterfeiting programs for world’s leading software companies as well as
for luxury brands.Hatice is a registered trademark and
patent attorney as well as a licensed mediator. Practice Areas &amp; Work Department

Intellectual
 Property

Media
 and Entertainment

Consumer
 Protection

Electronic
 Commerce

&nbsp; 

Languages

Turkish

English

French

&nbsp; 

Memberships

Istanbul Bar Association

Licensed Patent Attorney – Turkish
 Trademark and Patent Institute

Licensed Trademark Attorney –
 Turkish Trademark and Patent Institute

International Association for the
 Protection of Intellectual Property (AIPPI)

Licensed mediator

International Trademark Association
 (INTA)

Ozdagistanli Ekici is a new generation law firm that combines the values of the traditional law firm, with the values and qualities that are required to stay on top in today’s challenging business environment.
We believe in change, innovation and disruption while we remain committed to the traditional values of our profession such as accountability and trust.
We want our clients to stay on top of the changing environment and dynamics of the legal landscape and be the creator of such change instead of reacting to those changes. And if a reaction to a change is required, we strive to make sure that such reaction is based on legal advice that is efficient, objective and applicable to business.At Ozdagistanli Ekici, we have a sector specific approach to make sure that we understand the sector specific dynamics and legal landscape that our clients are facing. Thanks to this approach, we are able to provide comprehensive and commercial legal advice to help our clients lead the change or face the issues they are facing with confidence. While doing so, we also prepare our clients for future challenges and issues that they may face in their sector.We have a large portfolio of multinational and local clients across different sectors and industries including Automotive, Consumer Goods, Food and Retail, Education, Energy and Natural Resources, Financial Services and Fintech, Information Communication Technologies, Insurance, Life Sciences and Health Care, Media, Sport, Gaming and Entertainment and Technology.We are committed to provide the commercially sound legal advice and solutions on a timely and professional manner to continue to support our clients to be leaders in their sectors.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Özdağıstanli Ekici Attorney Partnership

Co-Managing Partner

Sümeyye is an associate at Ozdagistanli Ekici. She advises multinational and Turkish clients in information technology, telecommunications, privacy, competition, and regulatory fields.She acts as counsel to the world’s leading automotive brands with their telecommunication and technology queries in Turkey. She also assists multinational technology companies with their corporate work in Turkey.Sümeyye also works with large media and VoD companies for their licenses and advertisement related queries in Turkey. Practice Areas &amp; Work Department

<a name="_Hlk122435337">Technology, Media and Telecom</a>

Data Protection

Intellectual Property

Electronic Commerce

Fintech 



Languages

Turkish
 

English 



Memberships

<a name="_Hlk122435461" style="">Istanbul Bar Association</a>

Associate

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">5846 sayılı Fikir ve Sanat Eserleri Kanunu ("&lt;/span>&lt;strong style="font-size: 14px;">FSEK&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">") uyarınca korunan eser türlerinden biri olan sinema eserleri “&lt;/span>&lt;em>her çeşit eşsiz, bilimsel, öğretici veya teknik mahiyette olan veya günlük olayları tespit eden filmler veya sinema filmleri gibi, tespit edildiği materyale bakılmaksızın, elektronik veya mekanik veya benzeri araçlarla gösterilebilen, sesli veya sessiz, birbiriyle ilişkili hareketli görüntüler dizisidir.&lt;/em>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">” şeklinde tanımlanmaktadır.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">FSEK uyarınca ortaya çıkarılan bir ürünün sinema eseri olarak kabul edilmesi ve koruma sağlanması için o eserin &lt;/span>&lt;strong style="font-size: 14px;">i)&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> &lt;em>hususiyet&lt;/em>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">, &lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;strong style="font-size: 14px;">ii)&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> &lt;em>belli bir düzeye kadar tamamlanmış olma&lt;/em>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> ve &lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;strong style="font-size: 14px;">iii)&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> &lt;em>hareketli görüntüler dizisine sahip olma&lt;/em>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> şartlarını taşımalıdır. Bu şartları sağlayan bir eser, FSEK uyarınca sinema eseri kapsamında tanınan korumadan ve haklardan yararlanabilecektir.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Eser sahibi, eseri meydana getiren kişidir ve bu kapsamda telif haklarının sahibidir. Sinema eserlerinde genellikle eser sahibi tek bir kişi olmayıp, yönetmen, senaryo yazarı, besteci, kostümcü, kameraman gibi birden çok kişinin katkısı bulunmaktadır. Farklı alanlarda ve birden çok kişinin yaratıcı katılımıyla ortaya gelen sinema eserlerinde tek bir kişinin eser sahibi ve/veya hak sahibi olarak belirlenmesi doğru bir yol olarak kabul edilmemektedir. Bu nedenle, sinema eserinin meydana getirilmesinde çalışan veya görev alan çeşitli kişilerin &lt;/span>&lt;em>birlikte bir eser sahipliği&lt;/em>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> söz konusu olacaktır.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Sinema eserinin meydana gelmesinde eser sahibi ve/veya birlikte eser sahiplerinin yanı sıra eserin sahibinden başka eserin kamuoyuna ulaşmasını sağlayan kişi ve kuruluşların hakları ve bu hakların FSEK uyarınca korunması da söz konusudur.  İcracı sanatçılar, radyo ve televizyon kuruluşları/yayın kuruluşları ve film yapımcıları “&lt;/span>&lt;em>bağlantılı hak sahipleri&lt;/em>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">” olarak kabul edilmektedir. Eser sahibinin hakları ile bağlantılı haklar “eser sahibinin haklarına komşu haklar” ve “film yapımcılarının haklarından” oluşmaktadır. Komşu haklar kapsamında icracı sanatçılara birtakım haklar tanınmıştır.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Bir fikir ve sanat eserini özgün biçimde yorumlayan, tanıtan, anlatan, söyleyen, çalan ve çeşitli biçimlerde icra eden gerçek kişiler &lt;/span>&lt;strong>icracı sanatçı&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> olarak kabul edilmektedir. İcracı sanatçı eseri meydana getirmez ve aslında aracılık görevi görmektedir. Meydana getirilen eserin özgün bir icra ortaya koyarak o eserin kamuya yayılmasına hizmet etmektedir.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Yargıtay kararlarında, icracı sanatçının bağlantılı hak sahibi sayılarak, belirli korumaya sahip olması için icranın özgün bir biçimde ifade edilmesi koşulu öngörülmektedir. Bu husus, “icranın “özgün bir biçimde” ifa edilmesidir. Bu bakımdan, bir sinema eserinde rol alan kişilerin icracı sanatçı sıfatını kazanıp kazanamayacakları hususu Yargıtay 11. HD. 18/02/2017 tarihli 2016/5259 E. ve 2017/7348 sayılı kararında “&lt;/span>&lt;em>bu eserde rol alan kişilerin asıl ya da yardımcı oyuncu olup olmadıklarından ziyade icranın “özgün bir biçimde” gerçekleştirilip gerçekleştirilmediği dikkate alınarak&lt;/em>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">” şeklinde açıklanmaktadır.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">İcracı sanatçı bir bakıma sarf ettiği fikri çalışma ile eserin yaratılmasına ve meydana getirilmesine değil, yayılmasına hizmet etmektedir. Bu kapsamda eserin yayılmasına aracılık eden ve özgün bir icra ortaya koyan icracı sanatçının, aynı eser sahibinin olduğu gibi FSEK uyarınca korunan hakları bulunmaktadır. İcracı sanatçıya tanınan bu haklar özetle aşağıda sayılmaktadır.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;ul style="list-style-type: square;">&lt;li style="margin-left: 20px; text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">İcraları ile ilgili olarak icranın sahibi olarak tanıtılmalarını isteme ve kendi itibarlarını zedeleyecek şekilde icraların tahrifini önleme hakkı,&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 20px; text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">İcranın tespiti, bu tespitin çoğaltılmasına, satılmasına, dağıtılmasına, kiralanmasına ve ödünç verilmesine, işaret, ses ve/veya görüntü nakline yarayan araçlarla umuma iletimine ve yeniden iletimine ve temsiline izin verme veya yasaklama hakkı,&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 20px; text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Yurt içinde henüz satışa çıkmamış veya başka yollarla dağıtılmamış tespit edilmiş icralarının, aslı veya çoğaltılmış nüshalarının satış yoluyla veya diğer yollarla dağıtılması hususunda izin verme veya yasaklama hakkı,&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 20px; text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Tespit edilmiş icrasının veya çoğaltılmış nüshalarının satışı veya diğer biçimlerde umuma dağıtımına veya sunulmasına ve gerçek kişilerin seçtikleri yer ve zamanda icrasına ulaşılmasını sağlamak suretiyle umuma iletimine izin verme veya yasaklama hakkı,&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 20px; text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Haklarını uygun bir bedel karşılığında sözleşme ile yapımcıya devredebilme hakkı.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;/ul>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Manevi hakların devri söz konusu olmayacağından icracı sanatçının manevi haklarının devri de söz konusu değildir. Yapımcıya yalnızca bu hakların kullanım yetkisini devredebilecektir. İcracı sanatçıya ait olan mali hakların ise, devri mümkündür ve icracı sanatçı bu hakları malvarlığından çıkarabilir, devredebilir.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">FSEK madde 48 uyarınca taraflar eser üzerindeki mali haklara ilişkin yapılacak sözleşmeleri yer, süre ve içerik bakımından sınırlı veya sınırsız bir şekilde yapabilmektedirler. Bu madde bağlantılı hak sahibi kabul edilen icracı sanatçılar için de uygulama alanı bulmaktadır. Bu kapsamda, icracı sanatçı yapacağı sözleşmelerde mali hakların devrini, şeklini ve süresini dilediği gibi belirleyebilmektedir. Ancak uygulamada, çoğunlukla icracı sanatçıların mali hakların herhangi bir sınırlama olmadan yapımcıya devredildiğine rastlanmaktadır. Bu şekilde de sinema yapımcısı, söz konusu sinema eseri üzerindeki bütün işlemleri ve tasarrufları tek başına yapabilmektedir. Belirtmek gerekir ki icracı sanatçı tarafından verilen izin ve yapılan sözleşme FSEK madde 52 hükümlerine uygun şekilde yapılmalıdır. Mali haklara ilişkin yapılan sözleşme yazılı olmalı ve devredilen hakların ayrı ayrı gösterilmesi gerekmektedir.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">İcracı sanatçıların bu hakları kazanabilmesi için söz konusu icrayı gerçekleştirmesi gerekmektedir. İcranın gerçekleştirilmesi için ise icracı sanatçının eser sahibinden onay alması gerekmektedir. Uygulamada sıklıkla karşılaşılan birden fazla kişinin eser sahibi olduğu durumlarda, her eser sahibinden ayrı izin alınması gerekmektedir. Eser sahibinin izin vermesi sonucunda, icracı sanatçı eser üzerinde aslen iktisap ettiği, mutlak haklara sahip olacaktır.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Eserin icrasında birden fazla icracı sanatçı olduğu durumlarda ise, icracı sanatçılar bu haklara birlikte sahip olurlar ve bu hakların kullanımına ilişkin aralarında herhangi bir kişiyi yetkili kılmadıkları sürece haklarını kural olarak birlikte kullanabilirler. Ancak, icracı sanatçıların haklarına tecavüz edildiği durumda, her bir icracı sanatçı tek başına hareket edebilecektir.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">İcracı sanatçıların bağlantılı hakları, Komşu Haklar Yönetmeliği’nde de belirtildiği üzere, icranın ilk tespit edildiği tarihten başlayarak yetmiş (70) yıllık boyunca devam etmektedir. Eğer tespit yapılmamışsa yetmiş (70) yıllık bu süre icranın aleniyet kazandığı tarihten itibaren başlamaktadır.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">FSEK uyarınca sayılan icracı sanatçının bağlantılı hakları yalnızca Türkiye Cumhuriyeti vatandaşı olan icracı sanatçılara uygulanmaktadır ve bu hükümler Türkiye Cumhuriyeti vatandaşlarının yurtdışındaki icralarında da uygulanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, icracı sanatçı hangi ülke vatandaşı olursa olsun eğer icra Türkiye sınırları içinde gerçekleşiyorsa, yine FSEK hükümlerine tabii olacaktır.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Eser sahibinin haklarının korunması için tanınan tecavüzün ref’i, tecavüzün men’i ve tazminat davalarına ilişkin hükümler, icracı sanatçılara tanınan bağlantılı hakların korunmasında da kullanılmaktadır.&lt;/span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;/span>&lt;/p>

5846 sayılı Fikir ve Sanat Eserleri Kanunu uyarınca korunan eser türlerinden biri olan sinema eserleri “her çeşit eşsiz, bilimsel, öğretici veya teknik mahiyette olan veya günlük olayları tespit eden filmler veya sinema filmleri gibi, tespit edildiği materyale bakılmaksızın, elektronik veya mekanik veya benzeri araçlarla gösterilebilen, sesli veya sessiz, birbiriyle ilişkili hareketli görüntüler dizisidir.” şeklinde tanımlanmaktadır.

Sinema Eserlerinde İcracı Sanatçıların Bağlantılı Hakları

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Cinematographic works, which are one of the types of works protected in accordance with the Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works numbered 5846 (“&lt;/span>&lt;strong>IPL&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">”), are defined as “works such as films of an artistic, scientific, educational or technical nature or films recording daily events or movies, that consist of a series of related moving images with or without sound and which, regardless of the material in which they are fixed, can be shown by the use of electronic or mechanical or similar devices”.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">In order for a product produced in accordance with the IPL to be accepted and to be protected as a cinematographic work, that work must meet the conditions of &lt;/span>&lt;strong style="font-size: 14px;">i)&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> &lt;em>bearing the character of its author&lt;/em>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">, &lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;strong style="font-size: 14px;">ii)&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> &lt;em>being completed to a certain level&lt;/em>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">, and &lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;strong style="font-size: 14px;">iii)&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> &lt;em>having a series of moving images&lt;/em>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">. A work that has these conditions will be able to benefit from the protection and rights granted within the scope of the cinematographic work in the IPL.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">The author is the person who created the work and also, is the owner of the copyright. In cinematographic works, since there are different contributions from multiple people such as a director, screenwriter, composer, costumer, and cameraman, it is usually not a single person who owns the work. In cinematographic works that have emerged in different fields and with the creative participation of multiple people, identifying a single person as the author and/or the right owner is not accepted as the correct way. For this reason, there will be &lt;/span>&lt;em>joint ownership of a work&lt;/em>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> by various people who work or take part in the creation of a cinematographic work.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">In the occurrence of a cinematographic work, persons and organizations that provide public access to the work have the rights as well as the author and/or joint authors and these rights are protected under the Intellectual Property Law. Performing artists, radio and television organizations/broadcasting organizations, and filmmakers are recognized as "&lt;/span>&lt;em>associated rights holders&lt;/em>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">”. The rights related to the rights of the author consist of “rights adjacent to the rights of the author” and “rights of producers”. Within the scope of neighboring rights, several rights have been granted to the performers.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Real persons who interpret, introduce, explain, sing, play, and perform a work of thought and art in an original way are considered &lt;/span>&lt;strong>performers&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">. The performer does not create the work and has the role of an intermediary. The performer serves to disseminate the created work to the public by presenting an original performance.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">   In the Supreme Court decisions, the condition of expressing the performance in a unique way is stipulated in order for the performer to be deemed the author and have certain protection. Meanly, the condition is the execution of the “&lt;/span>&lt;em style="font-size: 14px;">performing in a unique way&lt;/em>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">”. In this regard, the issue of whether people who act in a cinematographic work can earn the title of the performer is explained as “&lt;/span>&lt;em>taking into account whether the performance is performed in an 'original form' rather than whether the people involved in this work are the main or supporting performers&lt;/em>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">” within the scope of the Supreme Court decision numbered 2017/7348 and dated 18/02/2017.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">In a way, the performer serves not to create the work, but serves to spread the work with the intellectual work the performer expands. Therefore, the performer, who mediates the dissemination of the work and puts forward a unique performance, has the rights as the author, which are protected in accordance with IPL. These rights granted to the performer are briefly listed below.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;ul style="list-style-type: square;">&lt;li style="margin-left: 20px; text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">The right to request to be identified as the owner of the performance in relation to their performance and to prevent the falsification of the performances in a way that damages their own reputation,&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 20px; text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">The right to authorize or prohibit the reproduction, sale, distribution, rental and lending, transmission and retransmission and representation of the performance by means of sign, sound and/or image transmission,&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 20px; text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">The right to authorize or prohibit the distribution of the original or reproduced copies of the determined performances, which have not yet been put up for sale or distributed in other ways, by sale or by other means,&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 20px; text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">The right to authorize or prohibit the sale or otherwise public distribution or presentation of its fixed performance or reproduced copies, and their transmission to the public, by ensuring that their performance is reached by natural persons at the place and time they choose,&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 20px; text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">The right to transfer its rights to the producer with a contract in return for a reasonable price.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;/ul>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Since there will be no transfer of moral rights, the performer’s moral rights will not be the subject of a transfer. The performer will only be able to transfer the authority to use these rights to the producer. The financial rights belonging to the cinematographic works are transferable and the performer can remove these rights from their assets and transfer them.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">According to Article 48 of the IPL, the parties can make agreements regarding the financial rights of the work in a limited or unlimited manner in terms of place, time, and content. This article also finds an area of ​​application for the performer who is considered to be the owners of related rights. Therefore, the performer can determine the transfer, form, and duration of financial rights in the contracts as he/she wishes. Having said that, in practice, it is often seen that the financial rights of performing are transferred to the producer without any limitation. With this, the movie producer can perform all the operations and save on the movie alone. It should be noted that the permission given by the performer and the contract must be made in accordance with the provisions of Article 52 of the IPL. The contract for financial rights must be in writing and the rights to be transferred must be shown separately in the contract.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">To gain these related rights, the performer is required to perform the work. In order the performance the work, the performer is required to obtain approval from the author of the work. In cases where more than one person is the author, which is frequently encountered in practice, the performer is required to obtain separate permission from each author. As a result of the permission of the author, the performer will have the non-derogable right to the work that the author originally acquired.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">In event that there is more than one performer in the performance of the work, the performers acquire these rights together and as a rule, they can use their rights together as long as they do not authorize any person among them to use these rights. However, in the event of violation of the performer’s rights, each performer has right to act alone regarding the violation.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">The related rights of performer artists for seventy (70) years, starting from the date of the first determination of the performance, as stated in the Regulation on Neighboring Rights. If no determination has been made, this period of seventy (70) years starts from the date that the work becomes public.    The related rights of the performer regulated in the IPL apply to only the citizens of the Republic of Turkey and these provisions are also applied to the performances abroad of the citizens of the Republic of Turkey. In addition to this, regardless of the nationality of the performer, if the performance takes place within the borders of Turkey, it will still be subject to the provisions of IPL.  The provisions regarding the cessation of infringement, prevention of infringement, and action for damages for the protection of the rights of the author also apply to the protection of the related rights granted to the performer.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>

Cinematographic works, which are one of the types of works protected in accordance with the Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works numbered 5846, are defined as “works such as films of an artistic, scientific, educational or technical nature or films recording daily events or movies, that consist of a series of related moving images with or without sound and which, regardless of the material in which they are fixed, can be shown by the use of electronic or mechanical or similar devices”.

The Performer’s Related Rights in Cinematographic Works

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">With a law published on the Official Gazette dated 07 July 2022 and numbered 31889, significant changes were made in the Law on the Regulation of Electronic Commerce with no. 6563 (“&lt;/span>&lt;strong>Law&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">”).&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">   With the relevant amendment, the definitions of "electronic commerce service provider" and "electronic commerce intermediary service provider" and the obligations of these service providers were added to the Law. In addition, certain additional obligations were regulated for service providers exceeding the thresholds determined by the Law. The same Law also stated that the determined thresholds can be increased by half by the President in February 2023.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">   Accordingly, with a Presidential Decision published on the Official Gazette dated 23 February 2023 and numbered 32112, it was decided that the thresholds determined by the Law to be increased by half. The monetary thresholds that will result in electronic commerce service providers and electronic commerce intermediary service providers being subject to additional obligations as a result of this change are as follows:&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;table class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 73.5644%;">
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            &lt;td width="160" style="width: 160px; padding: 0px 7px;">
                &lt;p align="center" style="font-size: 16px; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; margin: 8px 0px; text-align: center; line-height: 125%;">&lt;strong>&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 125%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">Category&lt;/span>&lt;/strong>&lt;/p>
            &lt;/td>
            &lt;td width="463" style="width: 461px; padding: 0px 7px;">
                &lt;p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; text-align: center;">&lt;strong>&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">Net
                            Transaction Volume in a Calendar Year&lt;/span>&lt;/strong>&lt;/p>
            &lt;/td>
        &lt;/tr>
        &lt;tr>
            &lt;td width="160" style="width: 160px; padding: 0px 7px;">
                &lt;p align="center" style="font-size: 16px; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; margin: 8px 0px; text-align: center; line-height: 125%;">&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 125%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">Medium Scale&lt;/span>&lt;/p>
            &lt;/td>
            &lt;td width="463" style="width: 461px; padding: 0px 7px;">
                &lt;p style="font-size: 16px; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; margin: 8px 0px; line-height: 125%;">&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 125%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">over 15 billion Turkish Lira&lt;/span>&lt;/p>
            &lt;/td>
        &lt;/tr>
        &lt;tr>
            &lt;td width="160" style="width: 160px; padding: 0px 7px;">
                &lt;p align="center" style="font-size: 16px; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; margin: 8px 0px; text-align: center; line-height: 125%;">&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 125%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">Large Scale&lt;/span>&lt;/p>
            &lt;/td>
            &lt;td width="463" style="width: 461px; padding: 0px 7px;">
                &lt;p style="font-size: 16px; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; margin: 8px 0px; line-height: 125%;">&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 125%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">over 45 billion Turkish Lira (&lt;em style="box-sizing: border-box;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">and
                                over 100 thousand transactions, excluding cancellations and refunds&lt;/span>&lt;/em>)&lt;/span>&lt;/p>
            &lt;/td>
        &lt;/tr>
        &lt;tr>
            &lt;td width="160" style="width: 160px; padding: 0px 7px;">
                &lt;p align="center" style="font-size: 16px; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; margin: 8px 0px; text-align: center; line-height: 125%;">&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 125%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">Very Large Scale&lt;/span>&lt;/p>
            &lt;/td>
            &lt;td width="463" style="width: 461px; padding: 0px 7px;">
                &lt;p style="font-size: 16px; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; margin: 8px 0px; line-height: 125%;">&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 125%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black;">over 90 billion Turkish Lira (and
                        over 100 thousand transactions, excluding cancellations and refunds)&lt;/span>&lt;/p>
            &lt;/td>
        &lt;/tr>
    &lt;/tbody>
&lt;/table>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Foreign transactions are not taken into account in the calculation of net transaction volume and number of transactions.&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">   Apart from the other obligations regulated under the Law, the monetary threshold for the obligation of these service providers to obtain "electronic commerce license", which will come into force on 01 January 2025, is changed to over &lt;/span>&lt;u>15 billion Turkish lira&lt;/u>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> of net transaction volume in a calendar year (and over 100 thousand transactions, excluding cancellations and refunds).&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">   For electronic commerce intermediary service providers, when determining whether these thresholds for the electronic commerce license are exceeded, the net transaction volumes and transaction numbers of electronic commerce intermediary service providers that are in economic integrity are taken into account.&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">   Additionally, the Ministry of Commerce will have the authority to increase the relevant monetary thresholds according to the annual rate of change of the electronic commerce volume as of 01 January 2024.&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">   For detailed information click &lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;a href="https://turkishlawblog.com/insights/detail/regulation-on-e-commerce-intermediary-service-providers-and-e-commerce-service-providers" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(3, 102, 132);">here&lt;/a>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> to read our article on the Regulation on Electronic Commerce Intermediary Service Providers and Electronic Commerce Service Providers.&lt;/span>&lt;/p>

With a law published on the Official Gazette dated 07 July 2022 and numbered 31889, significant changes were made in the Law on the Regulation of Electronic Commerce with no. 6563 (“Law”).    With the relevant amendment, the definitions of "electronic commerce service provider" and "electronic commerce intermediary service provider" and the obligations of these service providers were added to the Law. In addition, certain additional obligations were regulated for service providers exceeding the thresholds determined by the Law. The same Law also stated that the determined thresholds can be increased by half by the President in February 2023.

Monetary Thresholds are Increased for the Service Providers in Electronic Commerce

Telif hakları 5846 sayılı Fikir ve Sanat Eserleri Kanunu (“FSEK”) ile koruma altına alınmaktadır ancak FSEK’te açık bir tanımı bulunmamaktadır. Telif Hakları Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından yapılan telif hakkı tanımı “Kişinin her türlü fikri emeği ile meydana getirdiği ürünler üzerinde hukuken sağlanan haklardır.” şeklindedir.  Yukarıda yer alan tanımdan da anlaşılacağı üzere, telif hakkı özgün bir şekilde ortaya çıkan ve sahibinin özelliklerini yansıtan eserler için düzenlenen bir hukuki haktır. Bu kapsamda, telif hakkının konusu eser olarak kabul edilmektedir. Dolayısıyla, telif hakkının söz konusu olabilmesi için öncelikle bir eser olması gerekmektedir.

Eserler Üzerindeki Manevi Hakların Devri

Amendments to the Law on Electronic Commerce (“Amendments”), and New Regulation on Electronic Commerce Intermediary Service Providers and Electronic Commerce Service Providers (“Regulation”) which impose significant obligations on operators (“Marketplace Operator”) of e-marketplaces (“Marketplace”) and e-commerce sellers/providers (“Seller/Provider”), have entered into force as of 1 January 2023[1].

New Era for E-marketplaces and E-sellers/providers

&lt;p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 2;">&lt;span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;;">&lt;strong style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">1. What Are Geographical Data and Geographic Information Systems?&lt;/strong>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 2;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">According to the legislation on Geographical Data and
Geographic Information Systems:&lt;br>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;ul style="list-style-type: square;">&lt;li style="margin-left: 10px; line-height: 2;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Geographical data (“&lt;strong style="">Geodata&lt;/strong>”) is “any kind of data
containing location information”. For example,
administrative units, toponyms, building and address
information are within this scope.&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 10px; line-height: 2;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Geographic Information Systems (“&lt;strong style="">GIS&lt;/strong>”) are the “set
of hardware, software, human resources, standards,
and methods necessary for the production, supply,
storage, processing, management, analysis, sharing,
presentation and keeping up to date of Geodata”.&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;/ul>&lt;p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 2;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;br>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 2;">&lt;span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;;">&lt;strong style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">2. What Are the Requirements?&lt;/strong>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;ul style="list-style-type: square;">&lt;li style="margin-left: 10px; line-height: 2;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Depending on the scope of the activity, which involves
Geodata processing, persons processing Geodata
must obtain &lt;strong style="">(i)&lt;/strong> a permit or &lt;strong style="">(ii)&lt;/strong> a license, both of which
are subject to an annual fee.&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 30px; line-height: 2;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;strong>Who needs to obtain a permit:&lt;/strong> Persons/entities,
whose Geodata processing activities involves
more than one location information but less than
one province.&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 30px; line-height: 2;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;strong>Who needs to obtain a license: &lt;/strong>Persons/entities
whose Geodata processing activities involves
more than one location information and at least
one province.&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 10px; line-height: 2;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Software which is considered as GIS must be certified
by the Ministry of Environment Urbanization and
Climate Change (“&lt;strong>Ministry&lt;/strong>”). Also, sensors and
equipment (i.e. hardware) which collect Geodata will
be recorded on an electronic platform that the
Ministry will create.&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 10px; line-height: 2;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">License applicants must employ:&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 30px; line-height: 2;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">If activities carried out countrywide: at least one
person as a GIS Specialist and one person with a
GIS Operator Certificate or&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 30px; line-height: 2;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">If activities are carried out within the scope of a
province: at least one person with a GIS Operator
Certificate.&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 10px; line-height: 2;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">License owners must submit a semiannual report to the
Ministry on the activities specified in the license
agreement.&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;/ul>&lt;p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 2;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;br>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 2;">&lt;strong style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">3. What Is the Relevance of This Legislation&nbsp;to E-Commerce Companies?&lt;/strong>&lt;/p>&lt;ul style="list-style-type: square;">&lt;li style="margin-left: 10px; line-height: 2;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">For a long time, the legislation on Geodata has been
interpreted to apply only to applications using precise
location data. However, in the middle of last year
(2022) the Ministry sent notices to the major ecommerce companies to inform them of their
requirements under this legislation. It appears that
according to the Ministry "e-commerce companies
which process address information" may also be
subject to this legislation.&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 10px; line-height: 2;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Therefore, based on the Ministry’s interpretation, ecommerce companies, which process address
information countrywide, are required to:&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 30px; line-height: 2;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Obtain a Geodata license from the Ministry
(subject to annual fee),&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 30px; line-height: 2;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Employ at least one person as a GIS Specialist and
one person with a GIS Operator Certificate,&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 30px; line-height: 2;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Submit a semiannual report to the Ministry on the
activities specified in the license agreement.&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;/ul>&lt;p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 2;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;br>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 2;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;strong>4. Fines&lt;/strong>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;ul style="list-style-type: square;">&lt;li style="margin-left: 10px; line-height: 2;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">If a Geodata permit is not obtained, the application
must be made within at least 10 (ten) days, as specified
in the notification sent to the entities by the Ministry.
Otherwise, the Ministry may decide to cease the
operation of the entities and impose an administrative
fine equal to five times of the applicable permit fee.&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 10px; line-height: 2;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">If a Geodata license is not obtained the legislation
does not impose a spesific fine, however, we
understand that the Ministry is of the view that it may
apply the fine mentioned above for not obtaining
license by analogy.&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;/ul>&lt;p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 2;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;br>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 2;">&lt;br>&lt;/p>

1. What Are Geographical Data and Geographic Information Systems? According to the legislation on Geographical Data and Geographic Information Systems: Geographical data (“Geodata”) is “any kind of data containing location information”. For example, administrative units, toponyms, building and address information are within this scope.Geographic Information Systems (“GIS”) are the “set of hardware, software, human resources, standards, and methods necessary for the production, supply, storage, processing, management, analysis, sharing, presentation and keeping up to date of Geodata”.

Geographic Data License: What Does It Mean for E-Commerce Companies?

&lt;p style="text-align: center;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;strong>Elektronik
Ticaret’in Düzenlenmesi Hakkında Kanun’da Yapılan Önemli Değişikliklerin ardından
Elektronik Ticaret Aracı Hizmet Sağlayıcı ve Elektronik Ticaret Hizmet
Sağlayıcılar Hakkında Yönetmelik’e göre Güncellenmiş Versiyon&lt;/strong>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Bilindiği gibi 7
        Temmuz 2022 tarihli Resmî Gazete’de, çevrim içi ortamda pazar yeri işleten ve
        gerek bu pazar yerlerinde gerek kendi internet sitelerinde satış yapan kişiler
        yönünden çok önemli yükümlülükler getiren Elektronik Ticaretin Düzenlenmesi
        Hakkında Kanun’da (“&lt;/span>&lt;strong style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Kanun&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">”) yapılan değişiklikler (“&lt;/span>&lt;strong style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Kanun Değişikliği&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">”)
        yayımlanmıştı.&lt;/span>&lt;br>&lt;/p>

&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 11px; text-align: justify;" arial="" 11",="" serif;="" text-align:="" justify;="" font-size:="" 15px;"="">&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Kanun Değişikliği ile getirilen değişikliklerin
        detaylandırılmasını amaçlayan &lt;em>&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: black; background: white;">Elektronik Ticaret Aracı
                Hizmet Sağlayıcı ve Elektronik Ticaret Hizmet Sağlayıcılar Hakkında Yönetmelik
                (“&lt;strong>Yönetmelik&lt;/strong>”) de 29 Aralık 2022 tarihli&nbsp;&lt;/span>&lt;/em>Resmî
        Gazete’de yayımlandı.&lt;/span>&lt;/p>

&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 11px; text-align: justify;" arial="" 11",="" serif;="" text-align:="" justify;="" font-size:="" 15px;"="">&lt;span lang="TR" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Gerek Kanun
        Değişikliği gerekse Yönetmelik tarafından getirilen bu değişikliklerden önemli
        bulduklarımızı aşağıda &lt;/span>&lt;strong style="font-size: 14px;">A. Yönetici Özeti&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> ve &lt;/span>&lt;strong style="font-size: 14px;">B. Detaylı Açıklamalar&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">
        bölümlerinde tek bir bilgi notu içerisinde sizler için özetledik ve Yönetmelik
        ile gelen yeni değişiklikleri &lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(192, 0, 0);">kırmızı &lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">ile
        işaretledik. Ayrıca aslında eski yönetmelikte yer alan fakat yeni yönetmelikte
        de &lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">aynı şekilde düzenlenmiş konuları da kırmızı ile işaretleme yoluna gittik.
        Zira eski yönetmelik biraz atıl kalmış bir yönetmelik kabul edilebileceği için
        yeni yönetmelikte yer alan Kanun’a ek düzenlemelerin de belirtilmesini
        amaçladık.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 11px; text-align: justify;" arial="" 11",="" serif;="" text-align:="" justify;="" font-size:="" 15px;"="">&lt;span style="text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Söz konusu bilgi notunun tam haline&nbsp;&lt;/span>&lt;strong style="">&lt;a href="https://yazicioglulegal.com/yayinlar/elektronik-ticaretin-duzenlenmesi-hakkinda-kanun-da-onemli-degisiklikler-guncellenmis/63" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(3, 102, 132);">bu link&lt;/a>&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;üzerinden erişebilirsiniz.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;br>&lt;/p>&lt;br>





























Bilindiği gibi 7 Temmuz 2022 tarihli Resmî Gazete’de, çevrim içi ortamda pazar yeri işleten ve gerek bu pazar yerlerinde gerek kendi internet sitelerinde satış yapan kişiler yönünden çok önemli yükümlülükler getiren Elektronik Ticaretin Düzenlenmesi Hakkında Kanun’da (“Kanun”) yapılan değişiklikler (“Kanun Değişikliği”) yayımlanmıştı. Kanun Değişikliği ile getirilen değişikliklerin detaylandırılmasını amaçlayan Elektronik Ticaret Aracı Hizmet Sağlayıcı ve Elektronik Ticaret Hizmet Sağlayıcılar Hakkında Yönetmelik de 29 Aralık 2022 tarihli Resmî Gazete’de yayımlandı.

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