&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">The Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye (&lt;/span>&lt;strong style="font-size: 14px;">TCMB&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">) has published the “Guide to Data Sharing Services in Payment
Services” (&lt;/span>&lt;strong>Guide&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">) on “open banking” services on 30 December 2022.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Open banking (open bank data) aims to provide better and faster services to customers. In this context, it ensures that
the data in the financial system is made available to third-party service providers with the explicit consent of the customer. Open banking services allows customers to access all data in their financial accounts from a single screen and
initiate their transactions. Moreover, open banking services in Turkey are regulated and supervised by the TCMB.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">In the Guide, open banking activity is defined; “payment initiation service” (m.12/f) and “account information service”
(m.12/g) included in Law on Payment and Securities Settlement Systems, Payment Services and Electronic Money
Institutions (&lt;/span>&lt;strong>Law&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">) and license and certification processes for these two services are explained. Within the scope of the
open banking business model, the Guide also includes explanations for some business models that are frequently encountered in the field of payments.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Below some of the most significant issues included in the Guide:&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;ul style="list-style-type: square;">&lt;li style="margin-left: 20px; text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">In the Guide, open banking activity; “payment initiation service (&lt;/span>&lt;strong style="font-size: 14px;">PIS&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">)” and “account information service (&lt;/span>&lt;strong style="font-size: 14px;">AIS&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">)”
included in Law are defined as open banking activities. Related services could be briefly described as follows:
&lt;/span>&lt;strong>AIS:&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> Compiling and presenting information about the customer’s accounts in more than one organization on the
online platform.
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;strong style="font-size: 14px;">PIS:&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> It is the mediation of the customer to place a payment order from their account with another payment service provider.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 20px; text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">In the Guide, it has been evaluated whether an operating permit is required for different business models in the
industry. However, it was highlighted that the final assessment would be made by the TCMB.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 20px; text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">AIS, basically consists of two stages as “establishing consent” and “receiving account information”. In this context, the criteria for classifying a service as AIS, are detailed in the Guide.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 20px; text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">The Guide states that PIS and AIS do not constitute a prerequisite for each other. In this context, it is stated that
it is possible to apply for a license for both services separately or to apply for both at the same time.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;/ul>&lt;p>&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">The Guide also contains guiding information on how PIS and AIS shall be evaluated. In this context, business models
have been analyzed under various scenarios and whether it requires a license or not has been explained. The Guide
shall be a guideline in open banking services.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p>&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">You can reach the full text of the Guide &lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;a href="https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/d60cc679-ce04-4941-b310-b3788b6f3540/Odeme+Hizmetlerinde+Veri+Paylasim+Servislerine+Iliskin+Rehber.pdf?MOD=AJPERES" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" style="color: rgb(3, 102, 132);">here&lt;/a>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> (Only available in Turkish).&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>

The Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye (TCMB) has published the “Guide to Data Sharing Services in Payment Services” (Guide) on “open banking” services on 30 December 2022. Open banking (open bank data) aims to provide better and faster services to customers. In this context, it ensures that the data in the financial system is made available to third-party service providers with the explicit consent of the customer. Open banking services allows customers to access all data in their financial accounts from a single screen and initiate their transactions. Moreover, open banking services in Turkey are regulated and supervised by the TCMB.

Guide to Open Banking Services is Published

Yağmur obtained her law degree as a
high honor student and pursued her master’s degree (LL.M.) on commercial law
and information law in Istanbul University Law School. During her master's
degree, she completed her thesis on “Protection of Websites” – which is the
first academic study in Turkey that approaches the protection of websites in
the scope of intellectual property law.Yağmur’s main areas of expertise are
internet and technology law, electronic commerce law, data security law, and
media and entertainment law. She has advanced her academic and professional
career on information technology law and in the digital world.Yağmur is the senior associate of
Gökçe’s TMC&amp;Privacy team. She is also one of the authors of the first book
on e-sports law in Turkey.During her career, Yağmur has
represented many technology-oriented national and multi-national companies and
taken part in projects on everyone’s radar. She has worked in joint projects
with several foreign law firms such as DLA Piper, K&amp;L Gates, Fieldfisher
LLP, Osborne Clarke, and Bristows and has been a team leader in international
data protection compliance projects.Since 2016 January, she has been
working as an associate of TMC &amp; Privacy team. Practice Areas &amp; Work Department

Fintech

Media
 &amp; Entertainment

Startup
 Law &amp; Entrepreneurship

Technology
 &amp; Telecoms

&nbsp; 

Languages

English
 

&nbsp; 

Memberships

Istanbul
 Bar Association

Gökçe is an independent law firm with
 full-service capacity based in Istanbul. Gökçe offers a broad range of legal
 services with a pragmatic and business-minded approach to meet the needs of its
 diverse client base, ranging from the most reputable international banks to
 rapidly expanding international companies. Since its establishment in 2010,
 Gökçe has been experiencing constant progress. Established mostly with the aim
 to specialize in technology law, Gökçe has garnered a solid reputation for its
 expertise in technology and media. Moreover, Gökçe has become a go-to law firm
 for high-profile commercial disputes. Gökçe is the Turkish representative of
 Interlaw, a highly ranked international law firm network. Gökçe is also a member of Lawyers
 Associated Worldwide, a global resource of locally respected law firms. As the last groundbreaking progress,
 Gökçe team published the first E-Sports Law book in Turkey. Gökçe has bolstered its IP, media and
 entertainment practice in 2021.

















&nbsp; 

Main Areas of Practice

 

Technology, Media, Communication &amp;
 Privacy

Gökçe’s TMC &amp; Privacy team’s
 reputation is built on delivering commercial and practical legal advice to
 clients active in the digital sphere in various industries, ranging from
 multinational Global 2000 enterprises to venture capitals and start-ups. With a
 highly qualified team, Gökçe’s scope of services covers broad range of matters
 including matters of IT law, internet law, cybersecurity law,
 telecommunications law, intellectual property law, consumer law, e-commerce and
 data protection. Team members frequently provide mentoring to
 emerging growth companies at leading start-up incubators and accelerators
 including İTÜ Çekirdek and Endeavor Turkey. Clients such as Hilton, N11, Nimo.tv
 (HUYA), All Stars Music, Eternal Fire, Onedio, Inofab, Evreka, Figopara are all
 widely recognized game changers in their respective industries; and Gram Games
 (a Zynga company), Masomo, Miniclip, and Codeway Games, all prominent actors in
 the e-gaming industry. The TMC &amp; Privacy team is led by Turkish IT and
 Privacy Law “star” Dr. Bedii Kaya, along with his deep expertise in data
 analysis, data protection, cybersecurity, and internet law.&nbsp;In 2021, Gökçe strengthened its Media, Entertainment
 and IP practice with representing and providing legal consultancy to its
 international and domestic clients for their IP related projects including
 cross border licensing, IP portfolio management, linear channels and VOD
 platforms, NFT projects, IP/IT related dispute resolutions, due diligence
 processes, merger &amp; acquisitions in media &amp; entertainment sectors, data
 protection requirements in Turkey, local compliances and so on. Corporate, M&amp;A &amp; Venture Capital 
 Corporate, M&amp;A and Venture Capital
 team focuses on large to middle-market cross border and domestic corporate
 transactions in various industries. Gökçe advises on a range of corporate
 issues including mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures, venture capital
 transactions, corporate restructurings, spin-offs and corporate governance.
 Clients include Farasis Energy (Ganzhou), Figopara, Gedik Yatırım, hiVC,
 WorleyParsons, and Çelebi Holding. Team members are also highly adept in growth
 investment transactions and represent founder-led technology companies, from
 early stage all the way up to growth phase and exit.



Gökçe
 advised:

<ul style="list-style-type: square;"><li style="margin-left: 20px;">FIT Solutions (Foriba) founders on the sale of their shares to Sovos, a
 leading global tax compliance and regulatory reporting software company </li><li style="margin-left: 20px;"> Gram Games, a leading Turkish mobile game company on the acquisition by Zynga
 Inc 
 </li><li style="margin-left: 20px;">Four Mobile (Masomo) in the acquisition by Tencent owned mobile games
 developer Miniclip 
 </li><li style="margin-left: 20px;">Gameguru on the sale of one of its most downloaded hyper casual games
 (namely, Slap Kings) to Lion Studios 
 </li><li style="margin-left: 20px;">HI Venture Capital a licensed venture capital investment company in its
 establishment 
 </li><li style="margin-left: 20px;">Various emerging growth companies on financings by private equity giants and
 growth/venture capital investors such as EBRD, IFC, Revo Capital, Endeavor, 500
 Startups and Growth Circuit 
 </li><li style="margin-left: 20px;">Evreka, an outstanding waste collection solutions SaaS company 
 </li><li style="margin-left: 20px;">Neo Auvra, a pioneering medical health company 
 </li><li style="margin-left: 20px;">Figopara, a major fintech company acting as intermediary for trade finance
 transactions 
 </li><li style="margin-left: 20px;">Inofab, an innovative medical device company 
 </li><li style="margin-left: 20px;">Onedio, a prominent Turkish online content provider</li></ul>

 Banking &amp; Finance &amp; Capital Markets 
 Gökçe has extensive experience in
 banking &amp; finance and capital markets transactions, particularly in project
 financings.

On
 the banking side, Gökçe provides international and local banks with legal
 advice on daily operational issues, multilateral and bilateral institutional
 support, equity fund investment and credit enhancement. On the finance side,
 Gökçe acts for both Turkish and foreign banks in a large spectrum of financing
 transactions, including domestic and cross-border transactions. On the capital
 markets side Gökçe’s practice covers the full range of transactions.Team
 members have represented İş Bankası, Vakıfbank, Ziraat Bankası, OdeaBank, TSKB,
 T-Bank, Fibabanka, Gedik Yatırım, Worldpay, CBH Compagnie Bancaire
 Helvétiqueand Nurol Holding on various project finance and financial
 restructuring transactions including energy sector, infrastructure, real estate
 project financing, acquisition financing and other types of asset financing. Dispute Resolution 
 Gökçe has profound knowledge and
 experience in litigation, especially in commercial and IP related disputes.
 Gökçe represented N11(Doğuş), NRC International, FIT Solutions, Celebi
 Aviation, BBraun, V-Count, Onedio, Trendbox, ASB Modern, Seacor Holding on
 various commercial disputes.



Employment 
 Gökçe’s employment team has an extensive
 expertise in handling the full spectrum of employment and labour law issues. It
 advises numerous clients including Biopipe, Evreka, Gram Games (a Zynga
 company), Codeway Games, Alba Prestige, Alictus and various company
 directors/managers on:
 <ul style="list-style-type: square;"><li style="margin-left: 20px;">Employment Contracts</li><li style="margin-left: 20px;">Termination of Employment </li><li style="margin-left: 20px;"> Employment Disputes
 </li><li style="margin-left: 20px;">Settlement of Disputes
 </li><li style="margin-left: 20px;">Social Security Disputes</li></ul>

 Debt Recovery &amp; Debt Collection 
 Gökçe has a wide practice of debt
 collection activities including foreclosure proceedings, primarily conducted
 for high volume commercial receivables of its clients. Gökçe represents Çelebi
 Aviation, Alpla, Seacor Holding, Geniks Kongre, Özak Global, B-Braun.

Criminal Law 
 Gökçe’s criminal law team represents
 clients in complex criminal law matters in relation to commercial fraud, white
 collar, financial, cyber, reconstruction crimes and data protection offenses.
 Gökçe’s criminal law clientele includes well-known individuals in Turkey.

Gökçe

Senior Associate

Elif obtained her law degree from
Istanbul Bilgi University as an “Honor Student” with full scholarship and
graduated from Ted Istanbul College as a “High Honor Student”. She holds a
certificate on “Corporate Law and Governance” issued by London School of
Economics.Elif is currently pursuing her master’s
degree (LL.M.) on Business Law in Istanbul Bilgi University Law School.She currently pursues her work on data
protection law, internet law, media law, information technologies,
cyber-security law, intellectual property law and commercial contracts. She
closely works with startups, venture capitals and technology companies
particularly within mergers and acquisitions and compliance projects.Elif participated in a plethora of
acquisition projects in different sectors including games, e-transformation,
information technologies, tourism and leisure and took part in Turkey’s most
sizable transactions. She has also provided support to many of Gökçe’s notable
clients as a part of the data protection team, who are leaders in their
sectors.Since January 2017, she has been
working as a member of TMC &amp; Privacy team. Practice Areas &amp; Work Department

Fintech

Media
 &amp; Entertainment

Startup
 Law &amp; Entrepreneurship

Technology
 &amp; Telecoms

&nbsp; 

Languages

English
 

&nbsp; 

Memberships

Istanbul
 Bar Association

Managing Associate

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Denkleştirme
tazminatı, Yargıtay kararlarında “acentelik sözleşmesi sona erdikten sonra, bu
ilişkinin devamı boyunca acentenin kişisel gayretiyle yarattığı müşteri
çevresinden âkidinin halen yararlanması, acentenin ise yararlanmaması nedeniyle
uğradığı kaybın karşılığı” şeklinde tanımlanmıştır.&lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;">[1]&lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> 6102 sayılı Türk Ticaret
Kanunu’nun (TTK) 122. maddesinde düzenlenen denkleştirme tazminatının
amacı, acentelik sözleşmesinin feshi nedeniyle, acentenin, belirli bir süre
pazarda faaliyette bulunacağına güvenerek yapmış olduğu reklam ve tanıtım
faaliyetleri ile pazar ve müşteri portföyü oluşturan, bu anlamda sözleşmenin
feshedilmesinden sonra dahi müvekkil firmanın yarar sağlamasına vesile olması
nedeniyle belli oranda tazminata hak kazanması suretiyle hakkaniyetin ihdas
edilmesi düşüncesidir. Bu kapsamda denkleştirme tazminatı sadece “maddi zarar”
veya “mali bir hak” olarak değerlendirilmemeli, müşteri çevresinden kaynaklanan
ve acentelik sözleşmesinin sona ermesi ile acente aleyhine oluşan durumun
giderilmesi çabası ile ilişkilendirilmelidir.&lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;">[2]&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">TTK m. 122/1 hükmü
uyarınca, sözleşme ilişkisinin sona ermesinden sonra;&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;ul style="list-style-type: square;">&lt;li style="margin-left: 20px; text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Müvekkil,
acentenin bulduğu yeni müşteriler sayesinde, sözleşme ilişkisinin sona
ermesinden sonra da önemli menfaatler elde ediyorsa,&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 20px; text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">
Acente,
sözleşme ilişkisinin sona ermesinin sonucu olarak, onun tarafından işletmeye
kazandırılmış müşterilerle yapılmış veya kısa bir süre içinde yapılacak olan
işler dolayısıyla sözleşme ilişkisi devam etmiş olsaydı elde edeceği ücret
isteme hakkını kaybediyorsa,&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 20px; text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">
Somut
olayın özellik ve şartları değerlendirildiğinde, ödenmesi hakkaniyete uygun
düşüyorsa&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;/ul>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">acente,
müvekkilden uygun bir tazminat isteyebilir. TTK m. 122/4’e göre acentelik
sözleşmesi sona erdikten sonra 1 yıllık bir süre içerisinde acentenin
denkleştirme talebinde bulunması gerekmektedir. Doktrinde, bu 1 yıllık süre hak
düşürücü süre olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu nedenle, denkleştirme talep hakkı
söz konusu 1 yıllık süre içinde ileri sürülmüş olmak kaydıyla Türk Borçlar
Kanunu m. 147/5 uyarınca beş yıllık zamanaşımı süresi içinde dava yoluyla da
istenebilir[3].
Ancak belirtmek gerekir ki TTK m. 122/3 hükmü uyarınca müvekkilin, feshi haklı
gösterecek bir eylemi olmadan, acente sözleşmeyi feshetmişse veya acentenin
kusuru sebebiyle sözleşme müvekkil tarafından haklı sebeplerle feshedilmişse,
acente denkleştirme isteminde bulunamaz.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">TTK m. 122/4’te,
denkleştirme isteminden önceden vazgeçilemeyeceği hüküm altına alınmıştır. Buna
göre, acentelik sözleşmesinde yer alan, denkleştirme tazminatı istenemeyeceği
yönündeki hükümler, geçersiz sayılacaktır. Ancak sözleşme akdedildikten sonra
denkleştirme talebinden vazgeçilmesi, doktrinde tartışmalı olmakla birlikte hukuken
mümkündür.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Denkleştirme
miktarının belirlenmesi hususunda TTK’de doğrudan bir düzenleme bulunmamaktadır.
Bununla birlikte TTK m.122/2 hükmü uyarınca üst sınır “&lt;/span>&lt;em>Tazminat, acentenin
son beş yıllık faaliyeti sonucu aldığı yıllık komisyon veya diğer ödemelerin
ortalamasını aşamaz.&lt;/em>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">” şeklinde belirtilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda hâkim, üst
sınırı aşmamak kaydıyla, hakkaniyete uygun bir tazminata hükmedebilecektir.
Sözleşmenin beş yıldan daha kısa bir sürede sona ermiş olması halinde ise, bu
sürede elde edilen ücret ve diğer ödemelerin ortalaması alınarak tazminat
hesaplaması yapılmaktadır.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Son olarak, TTK
125/5 hükmüne göre hakkaniyete aykırı düşmedikçe, tek satıcılık ile benzeri
diğer tekel hakkı veren sürekli sözleşme ilişkilerinin sona ermesi hâlinde de
denkleştirme tazminatının talep edilebileceği belirtilmiştir. Ancak burada
önemle belirtmek gerekir ki ilgili sözleşme ilişkisinin tarafa tekel hakkı
tanıması gerekmektedir. Örneğin tekel hakkı tanımayan bir bayilik sözleşmesine
dayanarak denkleştirme tazminatı talep edilemeyecektir.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;hr>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;strong>[1]&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> Yargıtay 11.HD, 30.11.2017,
E.2016/2791, K.2017/6770&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;strong>[2]&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> Rauf Karasu, “Türk Ticaret
Kanunu ve Türk Ticaret Kanunu Tasarısı’na Göre Acentenin Denkleştirme Talebi”,
AÜHFD., 2008, C.57, S.4, s. 289.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;strong>[3]&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> Kaya, Türk Ticaret Kanunu Şerhi
(Acente), s. 251- 252; Bilgili ve Demirkapı, Ticari İşletme Hukuku, s. 140;
Bozer ve Göle, Ticari İşletme Hukuku, s. 170; Bahtiyar, Ticari İşletme Hukuku,
s. 201.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;hr>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;strong>Kaynakça&lt;/strong>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;strong>1.&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;T.C.
Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Özel Hukuk Anabilim Dalı “Türk
Hukukunda Acentelerin Denkleştirme Talep Hakkı” Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hülya Ecer
Kılıçoğlu,2021
https://acikerisim.dicle.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11468/8615/T%C3%BCrk%20hukukunda%20acentelerin%20denkle%C5%9Ftirme%20talep%20hakk%C4%B1.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;strong>2.&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> Acentenin
Denkleştirme İstemi Hakkındaki Yargı Kararlarına İlişkin Bazı
Değerlendirmeler”, İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 2022, C. 13, S.
2, s. 534-548.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366645703_Acentenin_Denklestirme_Istemi_Hakkindaki_Yargi_Kararlarina_Iliskin_Bazi_Degerlendirmeler_Inonu_Universitesi_Hukuk_Fakultesi_Dergisi_2022_C_13_S_2_s_534-548&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;strong>3.&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;
https://www.lexpera.com.tr/ictihat/yargitay/11-hukuk-dairesi-e-2016-2791-k-2017-6770-t-30-11-2017&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>

Denkleştirme tazminatı, Yargıtay kararlarında “acentelik sözleşmesi sona erdikten sonra, bu ilişkinin devamı boyunca acentenin kişisel gayretiyle yarattığı müşteri çevresinden âkidinin halen yararlanması, acentenin ise yararlanmaması nedeniyle uğradığı kaybın karşılığı” şeklinde tanımlanmıştır.

Denkleştirme Tazminatı

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Goodwill compensation has been subject to myriad Court of Cassation
decisions and is defined as "the compensation for the continued benefit
arising from the customer base garnered through the personal efforts of the
agent during the agency relationship, and still enjoyed by the principal and
not by the agent after the termination of the agency agreement."&lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;">[1]&lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">.&nbsp;Article 122 of the Turkish Commercial Code No.
6102 (&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;strong style="font-size: 14px;">TCC&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">) aims to establish equity by entitling the agent to a certain
amount of compensation consequent to the termination of the agency agreement,
due to the fact that the agent has created a market and customer portfolio through
advertising and promotional activities based on the assumption that it will
operate in the market for a certain period of time, and in this sense, has been
instrumental in the benefit enjoyed by the principal even after the termination of the
agreement. In this context, the compensation should not only be considered as
"pecuniary damage" or a "financial right", but should also be
associated with the effort to remedy the adverse situation arising from the
customer base garnered by the agent and the termination of the agency agreement
resulting in the detriment of the agency&lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;">[2]&lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">According to Art. 122/1 TCC, after the termination of the contractual
relationship;&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;ul style="list-style-type: square;">&lt;li style="margin-left: 20px; text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">If the principal obtains significant benefits after
the termination of the contractual relationship, due to the new customers found
by the agent,&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 20px; text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">If, as a result of the termination of the contractual
relationship, the agent loses the right to demand remuneration for the works
already performed or to be imminently performed with the customers brought into
business by him, that he would have otherwise obtained had the contractual
relationship continued,&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 20px; text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">If, when the facts and circumstances of the case are
evaluated, it is equitable to pay,&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;/ul>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">The agent may request a suitable compensation from the principal.
Pursuant to Article 122/4 of the TCC, the agent is required to request
compensation within a period of 1 year following the termination of the agency
agreement. This 1-year period is considered as a forfeiture period according to
the majority view. Therefore, provided that the right to demand goodwill
compensation is asserted within the above-mentioned 1-year period, it may also
be asserted through a lawsuit within the five-year statute of limitations
pursuant to Article 147/5 of the Turkish Code of Obligations (&lt;/span>&lt;strong style="font-size: 14px;">TCO&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">)&lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;">[3]&lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">. However, it should be
noted that, pursuant to Article 122/3 of the TCC, if the agent has terminated
the contract in the absence of any act of the principal justifying the
termination, or if the contract has been terminated by the principal with just
cause due to the fault of the agent, then the agent cannot claim goodwill
compensation.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Article 122/4 of the TCC stipulates that the compensation claim cannot
be waived in advance. Accordingly, the provisions in the agency agreement
stating that the agent may not request a goodwill compensation claim shall be
deemed invalid. However, it is legally possible to waive the goodwill
compensation claim after the conclusion of the agreement, although its validity
is subject to dispute in the doctrine.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">TCC does not contain an explicit regulation governing the determination
of the compensation amount. However, Article 122/2 of the TCC, does contain a
provision relating to the upper limit of the compensation amount stipulating
that "Compensation shall not exceed the average of the annual
commission or other payments received by the agent as a result of its
activities in the last five years." Accordingly, the judge may award
an equitable compensation, provided that it does not exceed the upper limit. If
the agreement is terminated within a period shorter than five years, the compensation
is calculated by taking the average of the fees and other payments received
during the duration of the agreement.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Lastly, pursuant to Article 125/5 of the TCC, unless it would be
contrary to principles of equity, compensation may be claimed in the event of
the termination of exclusive dealing and other similar permanent contractual
relationships granting exclusivity rights. However, it is important to note
here that the relevant contractual relationship must grant exclusivity rights
to the party. For example, goodwill compensation cannot be claimed based on a
dealership agreement that does not grant exclusivity.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;hr style="">&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;strong>[1]&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> Yargıtay 11.HD, 30.11.2017,
E.2016/2791, K.2017/6770&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;strong>[2]&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> Rauf Karasu, “Türk Ticaret
Kanunu ve Türk Ticaret Kanunu Tasarısı’na Göre Acentenin Denkleştirme Talebi”,
AÜHFD., 2008, C.57, S.4, s. 289.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;strong>[3]&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> Kaya, Türk Ticaret Kanunu Şerhi
(Acente), s. 251- 252; Bilgili ve Demirkapı, Ticari İşletme Hukuku, s. 140;
Bozer ve Göle, Ticari İşletme Hukuku, s. 170; Bahtiyar, Ticari İşletme Hukuku,
s. 201.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;hr style="">&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;strong>Sources&lt;/strong>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: left;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;strong>1.&nbsp;&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">T.C.
Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Özel Hukuk Anabilim Dalı “Türk
Hukukunda Acentelerin Denkleştirme Talep Hakkı” Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hülya Ecer
Kılıçoğlu,2021 https://acikerisim.dicle.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11468/8615/T%C3%BCrk%20hukukunda%20acentelerin%20denkle%C5%9Ftirme%20talep%20hakk%C4%B1.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;strong>2.&nbsp;&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Acentenin
Denkleştirme İstemi Hakkındaki Yargı Kararlarına İlişkin Bazı
Değerlendirmeler”, İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 2022, C. 13, S.
2, s. 534-548.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366645703_Acentenin_Denklestirme_Istemi_Hakkindaki_Yargi_Kararlarina_Iliskin_Bazi_Degerlendirmeler_Inonu_Universitesi_Hukuk_Fakultesi_Dergisi_2022_C_13_S_2_s_534-548&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;strong>3.&nbsp;&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">https://www.lexpera.com.tr/ictihat/yargitay/11-hukuk-dairesi-e-2016-2791-k-2017-6770-t-30-11-2017&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>

Goodwill compensation has been subject to myriad Court of Cassation decisions and is defined as "the compensation for the continued benefit arising from the customer base garnered through the personal efforts of the agent during the agency relationship, and still enjoyed by the principal and not by the agent after the termination of the agency agreement."

Goodwill Compensation

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">İlk olarak on dört yıl önce Kanadalı gizlilik
komiseri Ann Cavoukian tarafından kullanılan “tasarımda gizlilik” kavramı (&lt;/span>&lt;em>Privacy
By Design – PbD&lt;/em>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">) artık tüketici mal ve hizmetlerinin güvenliği için küresel
bir gizlilik standardı. Uluslararası Standardizasyon Örgütü’nün (ISO) "Tüketici
mal ve hizmetleri için tasarımda gizlilik" isimli yeni standardı ISO 31700
8 Şubat 2023'te kabul edildi. Ayrıca, standartla birlikte standardın kullanım
gerekliliklerini açıklayan bir belge de yayımlandı.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Aşağıda tasarımda gizliliğin ne anlama
geldiğini ve yeni ISO standardının bu konudaki önemini sizler için özetledik.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;strong>Tasarımda Gizlilik Nedir?&lt;/strong>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Tasarımda gizlilik; gizliliği teknoloji
sistemlerinin, ürünlerin ve hizmetlerin tasarım özelliklerine ve uygulamalarına
proaktif olarak yerleştirmek için benimsenen çerçeve bir ilkedir. Temel olarak bu
ilkenin amacı, ürün ve hizmet geliştirme sürecinin her aşamasında gizlilikle ilgili
hususlarının dikkate alınmasını ve risklerin en aza indirilmesini sağlamaktır.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Bu kapsamda, tasarımda gizlilik ilkesine uyum
özellikle şu sebepler dolayısıyla önem teşkil eder:&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;ul style="list-style-type: square;">&lt;li style="margin-left: 20px; text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;em style="">Kişisel
verilerin korunması:&lt;/em>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">
Tasarımda gizlilik kişisel verilerin yalnızca meşru amaçlar için elde edilmesi
ve kullanılması ile güvenli bir şekilde saklanarak üçüncü kişilere
aktarılmasını sağlamaya yardımcı olur.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 20px; text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;em>Kişisel
veriler üzerinde kontrol:&lt;/em>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">
Tasarımda gizlilik, ilgili kişilerin kişisel verilerine erişme, bunları değiştirme
ve silme haklarına sahip olmalarını temin ederek bireylere kendi verileri
üzerinde kontrol hakkı tanır.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 20px; text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;em style="">Güven
tesis etme:&lt;/em>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> Tasarımda
gizlilik, gizliliği teknoloji sistemlerinin ve ürünlerinin tasarımına dahil
ederek, tüketiciler ve şirketler arasında güven ilişkisinin tesis edilmesine
ortam sağlar.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;/ul>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Tasarımda gizlilik aynı zamanda Avrupa Birliği
Siber Güvenlik Ajansı'nın 27 Ocak 2023 tarihli raporunda da öne çıkan bir
konuydu. Rapor, siber güvenlik teknolojilerinin ve tekniklerinin kişisel veriler
paylaşırken GDPR ilkelerinin uygulanmasını nasıl destekleyebileceğini açıklıyor.
Bu kapsamda, veri paylaşım süreçlerinde tasarımda gizlilik ilkesinin
uygulamasına yönelik teknik çözümler de raporda ortaya konulmuştu.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Rapora &lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;a href="https://www.enisa.europa.eu/news/protecting-data-can-we-engineer-data-sharing" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" style="color: rgb(3, 102, 132);">buradan&lt;/a>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">
ulaşabilirsiniz. (&lt;/span>&lt;em style="font-size: 14px;">Yalnızca İngilizcesi mevcuttur.&lt;/em>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">)&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;strong>Yeni ISO Standardı Neden Önemli?&lt;/strong>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Tasarımda gizlilik ile ilgili yeni ISO 31700 standardı;
tüketicilerin gizlilik ile ilgili haklarını kullanmasını temin etmek üzere
ürünlerin tasarlanması, tüketicilere kişisel verileri ile ilgili aydınlatma
yapılması, gizlilik risklerinin değerlendirilmesi, risklerin tespit edilerek
belgelenmesi, ilgili kontrollerinin nasıl yapılması gerektiği ve veri ihlal
yönetimi gibi konuları düzenliyor.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Temel olarak; standart, gizliliğin ürün
tasarımından dağıtım sürecine kadar tüketici mal ve hizmetlerinin her
geliştirme aşamasında dikkate alınmasını ve korunmasını hedefliyor. Tasarımda
gizlilik ilkesine uyum aynı zamanda uluslararası çapta pek çok ülkede veri
sorumluları için yasal bir zorunluluk olduğundan, bu konuda bir standart yayımlanması
dikkate değer bir gelişme. Ann Cavoukian, bu gelişmeyi gizliliğe ilişkin "önemli
bir kilometre taşı" olarak nitelendiriyor.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Standardın, küçük girişimlerden çok uluslu
şirketlere kadar farklı ölçekteki birçok şirket tarafından kullanılmak üzere
tasarlanmış olduğunu da belirtmek gerek. Buna ek olarak, standart her türlü tüketici
ürününe uygulanabilecek şekilde hazırlandığından şirketler tarafından yaygın
olarak benimsenmesi bekleniyor.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">ISO’nun standart ile ilgili resmî açıklamasına
&lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;a href="https://www.iso.org/standard/76772.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" style="color: rgb(3, 102, 132);">buradan&lt;/a>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> ulaşabilirsiniz.
(&lt;/span>&lt;em style="font-size: 14px;">Yalnızca İngilizcesi mevcuttur.&lt;/em>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">)&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Sonuç olarak, tasarımda gizlilik ilkesinin mahremiyet
ile ilgili konularının bireyler ve şirketler için öncelik haline geldiği ve dijitalleşen
dünyamızda giderek daha da hayati bir ilke haline geldiği açıktır. Bu nedenle, tasarımda
gizlilik ile ilgili yeni ISO 31700 standardı, şirketlerin gizlilik ile ilgili
yasa ve düzenlemelere uyum sağlaması için önemli bir yol gösterici olacak.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>

İlk olarak on dört yıl önce Kanadalı gizlilik komiseri Ann Cavoukian tarafından kullanılan “tasarımda gizlilik” kavramı (Privacy By Design – PbD) artık tüketici mal ve hizmetlerinin güvenliği için küresel bir gizlilik standardı. 

Tasarımda Gizlilik ISO Standardı Olarak Kabul Edildi

&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5;">&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(13, 13, 13);">Privacy by
        Design (&lt;strong style="">PbD&lt;/strong>), which was first proposed by a Canadian privacy
        commissioner Ann Cavoukian fourteen years ago, is now a global privacy standard
        for the security of consumer goods and services. The International Organization
        for Standardization’s (&lt;strong style="">ISO&lt;/strong>) new standard ISO 31700, titled “Privacy by
        design for consumer goods and services”, has been released on 8 February 2023. Along
        with the standard, a separate document has also been published to outline
        possible use cases.&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1;">&lt;br>&lt;/p>



&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5;">&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(13, 13, 13);">In this
        article, we outlined what PbD means and the importance of the new ISO standard
        in this regard.&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1;">&lt;br>&lt;/p>



&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5;">&lt;strong>&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(13, 13, 13);">What is
            Privacy by Design?&lt;/span>&lt;/strong>&lt;/p>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1;">&lt;br>&lt;/p>



&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5;">&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(13, 13, 13);">PbD is a
        framework for proactively embedding privacy into the design specifications and
        practices of technology systems, products, and services. Its aim is to ensure
        that privacy considerations are taken into account at every stage of the
        development process of goods and services and that privacy risks are mitigated.&lt;span>&nbsp; &lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>



&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5;">&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(13, 13, 13);">In this
        context, compliance to PbD is significant for a number of reasons:&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1;">&lt;br>&lt;/p>

&lt;ul style="list-style-type: square;">&lt;li style="margin-left: 20px; line-height: 1.5; text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: rgb(13, 13, 13); font-size: 14px;">&lt;em style="">Protection
            of personal information&lt;/em>: PbD helps to ensure that personal information is
        only collected and used for legitimate purposes and that it is stored and
        transmitted securely.&lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: rgb(13, 13, 13); font-size: 14px;">&lt;em>Control
            over personal data&lt;/em>: PbD gives individuals control over their own data by
        ensuring that they have the right to access, modify, and delete their personal
        information.&lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: rgb(13, 13, 13); font-size: 14px;">&lt;em>Building
            trust&lt;/em>: By incorporating privacy into the design of
        technology systems and products, it helps to build trust between consumers and companies.&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;/ul>













&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1;">&lt;br>&lt;/p>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5;">&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(13, 13, 13);">PbD was
        also a highlight in the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity’s newly
        published report on 27 January 2023. The report explains how cybersecurity
        technologies and techniques can support the implementation of GDPR principles
        when sharing personal data. In this context, it analyses technical solutions
        for the implementation PbD in data sharing processes.&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1;">&lt;br>&lt;/p>



&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: rgb(13, 13, 13); font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">You can
        reach the report &lt;/span>&lt;a href="https://www.enisa.europa.eu/news/protecting-data-can-we-engineer-data-sharing" style="color: rgb(3, 102, 132); text-decoration: underline;" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">here&lt;/a>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1;">&lt;br>&lt;/p>

&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5;">&lt;strong>&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(13, 13, 13);">What Is
            the Significance of the New ISO Standard?&lt;/span>&lt;/strong>&lt;/p>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1;">&lt;br>&lt;/p>

&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5;">&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(13, 13, 13);">The new ISO
        31700 standard on PbD, contains general guidance on issues such as, designing
        capabilities to enable consumers to enforce their privacy rights, providing
        privacy information to consumers, conducting privacy risk assessments,
        establishing and documenting requirements for privacy controls, how to design
        privacy controls and managing a data breach.&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1;">&lt;br>&lt;/p>



&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5;">&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(13, 13, 13);">In general,
        the standard aims to ensure that privacy is considered and protected at every
        development stage of the consumer goods and services, from conception to
        deployment. &lt;span>&nbsp;&lt;/span>Since PbD is also a legal
        obligation for data controllers in an increasing number of jurisdictions internationally,
        standard is of great importance. Ann Cavoukian considers this development as a “&lt;em>major
            milestone&lt;/em>” in privacy.&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1;">&lt;br>&lt;/p>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5;">&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(13, 13, 13);">We should
        note that the standard is designed to be utilized by a whole range of companies
        from startups to multinational enterprises. In addition to this, since the
        standard can be applied to any consumer good and product, it is expected that
        it will be adopted widely.&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1;">&lt;br>&lt;/p>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(13, 13, 13);">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">You can
        reach the official announcement of ISO regarding the standard &lt;/span>&lt;a href="https://www.iso.org/standard/76772.html" style="color: rgb(3, 102, 132); text-decoration: underline;" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">here&lt;/a>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1;">&lt;br>&lt;/p>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5;">&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(13, 13, 13);">In
        conclusion, PbD is becoming increasingly crucial in our digitalized world,
        where privacy considerations are becoming a priority for individuals and
        organizations alike. Therefore, the new ISO 31700 standard on PbD constitutes a
        guidance for the companies to comply with the privacy regulations.&lt;/span>&lt;/p>



















Privacy by Design (PbD), which was first proposed by a Canadian privacy commissioner Ann Cavoukian fourteen years ago, is now a global privacy standard for the security of consumer goods and services.

Privacy By Design Has Adopted as an ISO Standard

&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">&lt;strong style="">&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Introduction&lt;/span>&lt;/strong>&lt;/p>

&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;&lt;br>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>

&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Recently,
        portfolio management companies (&lt;strong>PMC&lt;/strong>s) in Turkey have been growing
        rapidly in both number and volume. This rapid growth has brought with it the
        necessity to make amendments to the law on PMCs. On the sector side, it is
        believed that PMCs generally have difficulties in accessing the technical means
        and establishing the employment and organizational structure they need to
        operate more efficiently. Most PMCs suffer large losses from their capital
        until they make a profit, and therefore those that do not have enough capital
        cease their operations. We anticipate that the Communiqué Amending the
        Communiqué on Principles Regarding Portfolio Management Companies and
        Activities of Such Companies (&lt;strong>Communiqué&lt;/strong>) published in the Official
        Gazette dated February 18, 2023, may be useful in overcoming these problems.
        The most important changes brought by the Communiqué can be listed as &lt;strong>(i)&lt;/strong>
        increase of the minimum requirements for initial capital and equity capital, &lt;strong>(ii)&lt;/strong>
        establishment of service units within the company, and &lt;strong>(iii)&lt;/strong> employment
        of a set number of managers. &lt;/span>&lt;/p>

&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;strong>&nbsp;&lt;/strong>&lt;br>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>

&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">&lt;strong>&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Lower
            Limit Increase for Initial and Equity Capital&lt;/span>&lt;/strong>&lt;/p>

&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;&lt;br>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>

&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Pursuant to
        art. 2 of the Communiqué, the minimum possible initial capital of a PMC has
        been increased from 6 million TRY to 30 million TRY. This lower limit was
        increased from 3 million 750 thousand TRY to 15 million TRY for PMCs with limited
        activities. As in the previous regulation, the minimum limits on equity capital
        vary according to the size of the relevant portfolio. However, with the recent
        amendment, a significant increase was made in the minimum limits of equity
        capital. Pursuant to art. 11 of the Communiqué, the minimum equity capital
        limit is set at 30 million TRY for companies with a portfolio size of up to 1
        billion TRY, while the minimum equity capital limit for companies with a
        portfolio size exceeding 36 billion TRY is regulated as 100 million TRY. This
        increase in the initial and equity capital requirements of PMCs can be
        considered a precaution regarding the current and potential resource needs and
        shortages of companies.&lt;/span>&lt;/p>

&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;strong>&nbsp;&lt;/strong>&lt;br>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>

&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">&lt;strong>&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Employment
            of a Set Number of Managers &lt;/span>&lt;/strong>&lt;/p>

&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;&lt;br>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>

&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">It can be
        evaluated that the amendment made with the Communiqué in relation to company
        management may solve the organizational problems of PMCs to a certain extent.
        Pursuant to the relevant articles (&lt;em>art. 3 and art. 7&lt;/em>) of the Communiqué,
        a new structure has been introduced stipulating that the number of managers in
        a given PMC cannot be less than three, four, five and six, respectively, in
        proportion to the portfolio sizes set out in art. 11. In addition, pursuant to
        art. 7, in cases where portfolio managers and the fund service units are
        established within the company, the requirement for the fund manager to be
        employed exclusively and on a full-time basis is regulated. We are of the
        opinion that these new regulations will positively impact the efficiency and
        organizational structure of PMCs.&lt;/span>&lt;/p>

&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;strong>&nbsp;&lt;/strong>&lt;br>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>

&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">&lt;strong>&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Service
            Units to be Established within the Company &lt;/span>&lt;/strong>&lt;/p>

&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;&lt;br>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>

&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Another
        noteworthy amendment is by virtue of art. 4 and art. 6 which provides for the
        internal employment structure of research, risk management, internal control
        and service units for broadly authorized PMCs. Thus, the units that are most
        important for PMCs will be established within the company and this will
        strengthen the organizational efficiency and integrity of PMCs.&lt;/span>&lt;/p>





&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;strong>&nbsp;&lt;/strong>&lt;br>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>

&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">&lt;strong>&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Conclusion&lt;/span>&lt;/strong>&lt;/p>

&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;&lt;br>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>

&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Many PMCs
        cannot continue to operate and cease their activities due to insufficient
        capital. Furthermore, there are financial and managerial obstacles standing
        before the development and continuity of PMCs that have commenced their
        activities without sufficient financial strength. The above-mentioned new
        regulations are aimed to strengthen PMCs in terms of management and capital.
        Thus, in the coming days, it may be possible to observe positive developments
        regarding PMCs, as they strengthen their financial and administrative
        structures by adapting to the changes brought by the Communiqué.&lt;/span>&lt;/p>

Recently, portfolio management companies in Turkey have been growing rapidly in both number and volume. This rapid growth has brought with it the necessity to make amendments to the law on PMCs.

Highlights of the Communiqué Amending the Communiqué on Principles Regarding Portfolio Management Companies and Activities of Such Companies

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">In the scope of the first-phase studies of the Digital Turkish Lira Project led by the Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye (&lt;/span>&lt;strong>TCMB&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">), the first payment transaction on the Digital Turkish Lira Network is successfully stated in the announcement
dated 29 December 2022.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Digital money, which is expressed as internet-based currency in digital contexts, is becoming more widespread. In this
context, TCMB established the Digital Turkish Lira Collaboration Platform on 15 September 2021 to come together with
local technology companies in order to construct the Digital Turkish Lira. This platform has carried out tests on many
subjects such as blockchain technology, the use of distributed structures in payment systems, integration with instant
payment systems. We included the announcement regarding the Digital Turkish Lira Collaboration Platform in our TFP
September 2021. You can reach this article &lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;a href="https://gokce.av.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/The_Fine_Print_September_2021_95_eng.pdf" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" style="color: rgb(3, 102, 132);">here&lt;/a>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">It is aimed that the Digital Turkish Lira Collaboration Platform will expand in 2023 with the participation of selected banks
and financial technology companies, and move into the next phases with more comprehensive pilot tests. Moreover,
in the Announcement it is stated that studies on the technological requirements, as well as the economic and legal framework of the Digital Turkish Lira will be prioritized in 2023.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">You can find the TCMB announcement regarding the use of Digital Turkish Lira &lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;a href="https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/EN/TCMB%20EN/Main%20Menu/Announcements/Press%20Releases/2022/ANO2022-55" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" style="color: rgb(3, 102, 132);">here&lt;/a>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;hr>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;strong style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder; font-size: 14px;">The Turkish version of this article is available on&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;&lt;/span>&lt;span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px;">&lt;a href="https://turkishlawblog.com/insights/detail/dijital-turk-lirasi-agi-uzerindeki-ilk-odeme-islemi-basariyla-gerceklesti" target="_blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; background: transparent; color: rgb(3, 102, 132);">Dijital Türk Lirası Ağı Üzerindeki İlk Ödeme İşlemi Başarıyla Gerçekleşti&lt;/a>&lt;/span>&lt;br>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>

In the scope of the first-phase studies of the Digital Turkish Lira Project led by the Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye (TCMB), the first payment transaction on the Digital Turkish Lira Network is successfully stated in the announcement dated 29 December 2022. Digital money, which is expressed as internet-based currency in digital contexts, is becoming more widespread. In this context, TCMB established the Digital Turkish Lira Collaboration Platform on 15 September 2021 to come together with local technology companies in order to construct the Digital Turkish Lira. This platform has carried out tests on many subjects such as blockchain technology, the use of distributed structures in payment systems, integration with instant payment systems.

First Payment on Digital Turkish Lira Network Successfully Made

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası (&lt;/span>&lt;strong>TCMB&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">) öncülüğünde yürütülen Dijital Türk Lirası Projesi kapsamında, 29 Aralık
2022 tarihli duyuruda, Dijital Türk Lirası Ağı üzerindeki ilk ödeme işleminin başarıyla gerçekleştiği duyuruldu.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Dijital para, dijital ortamlarda yer alan internet tabanlı para birimi olarak tanımlanabilir. Kullanım alanı oldukça yaygınlaşan dijital paralar konusunda Türkiye’de TCMB, 15 Eylül 2021’de Dijital Türk Lirası üretilmesi amacıyla yerli teknoloji
firmalarıyla bir araya gelerek “Dijital Türk Lirası İşbirliği Platformu’nu” oluşturmuştu. Bu platform, blokzincir teknolojisi,
dağıtık yapıların ödeme sistemlerinde kullanımı, anlık ödeme sistemleriyle entegrasyon gibi pek çok konuda testler gerçekleştirdi. Dijital Türk Lirası İşbirliği Platformu’na dair duyuruya TFP Eylül 2021 sayımızda yer vermiştik. İlgili yazımıza
&lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;a href="https://gokce.av.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/The_Fine_Print_Eyl%C3%BCl_2021_95_tr.pdf" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" style="color: rgb(3, 102, 132);">buradan&lt;/a>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> ulaşabilirsiniz.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Dijital Türk Lirası İşbirliği Platformu’nun, 2023’te seçili bankalar ve finansal teknoloji firmalarının katılımlarıyla büyümesi ve daha geniş kapsamlı testlerle ileri fazlara geçilmesi hedefleniyor. Bununla birlikte aynı duyuruda, 2023 içerisinde
Dijital Türk Lirası’nın teknolojik gereksinimlerine yönelik çalışmaların yanı sıra, iktisadi ve hukuki çerçevesine dair çalışmalara da öncelik verileceği ifade ediliyor.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Dijital Türk Lirası kullanımına ilişkin TCMB duyurusuna &lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;a href="https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/TR/TCMB+TR/Main+Menu/Duyurular/Basin/2022/DUY2022-55" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" style="color: rgb(3, 102, 132);">buradan&lt;/a>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> ulaşabilirsiniz.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>

Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası (TCMB) öncülüğünde yürütülen Dijital Türk Lirası Projesi kapsamında, 29 Aralık 2022 tarihli duyuruda, Dijital Türk Lirası Ağı üzerindeki ilk ödeme işleminin başarıyla gerçekleştiği duyuruldu. Dijital para, dijital ortamlarda yer alan internet tabanlı para birimi olarak tanımlanabilir. Kullanım alanı oldukça yaygınlaşan dijital paralar konusunda Türkiye’de TCMB, 15 Eylül 2021’de Dijital Türk Lirası üretilmesi amacıyla yerli teknoloji firmalarıyla bir araya gelerek “Dijital Türk Lirası İşbirliği Platformu’nu” oluşturmuştu. Bu platform, blokzincir teknolojisi, dağıtık yapıların ödeme sistemlerinde kullanımı, anlık ödeme sistemleriyle entegrasyon gibi pek çok konuda testler gerçekleştirdi.

Dijital Türk Lirası Ağı Üzerindeki İlk Ödeme İşlemi Başarıyla Gerçekleşti

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası (&lt;strong>TCMB&lt;/strong>), 30 Aralık 2022 tarihinde açık bankacılık hizmetleri hakkında “Ödeme
Hizmetlerinde Veri Paylaşım Servislerine İlişkin Rehber” (&lt;strong>Rehber&lt;/strong>) yayımladı.&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Açık bankacılık (Open banking / open bank data), müşterilere daha iyi ve hızlı hizmetler sunulmasını amaçlayan bir
hizmet türü. Bu kapsamda, müşterinin açık rızasıyla finansal sistemlerde yer alan verileri, üçüncü taraf hizmet sağlayıcıların erişimine açılır. Açık bankacılık hizmeti ile müşteriler finansal hesaplarında yer alan tüm verilerine tek ekran
üzerinden erişim sağlayıp, işlemlerini gerçekleştirebilirler. Türkiye’de ise açık bankacılık hizmetleri, TCMB tarafından
düzenlenip denetlenmekte.&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Rehber’de; açık bankacılık faaliyeti tanımlanmış, Ödeme ve Menkul Kıymet Mutabakat Sistemleri, Ödeme Hizmetleri
ve Elektronik Para Kuruluşları Hakkında Kanun’a (&lt;strong>Kanun&lt;/strong>) eklenen “ödeme emri başlatma hizmeti” (m.12/f) ile “hesap
bilgisi hizmeti” (m.12/g) ve bu iki hizmet hakkında lisans ve sertifikasyon süreçleri açıklanmıştır. Ayrıca Rehber’de açık
bankacılık iş modeli kapsamında ödemeler alanında sıklıkla karşılaşılan bazı iş modellerine yönelik açıklamalar da yer
almaktadır.&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Rehber’de düzenlenen başlıca hususlar ise şöyle:&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;ul style="list-style-type: square;">&lt;li style="margin-left: 20px;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Rehber’de Kanun’a eklenen “ödeme emri başlatma hizmeti (ÖBH)” ile “hesap bilgisi hizmeti (HBH)” açık bankacılık faaliyeti olarak açıklanmıştır. Bu hizmetler kısaca şu şekilde tanımlanabilir:&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;/ul>&lt;p style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 20px;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;strong>HBH: &lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Müşteriye, birden fazla kuruluşta bulunan hesaplarına ilişkin bilgilerin derlenip çevrim içi platformda sunulmasıdır.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 20px;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;strong>ÖBH:&lt;/strong>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> Müşterinin, başka bir ödeme hizmeti sağlayıcısı nezdindeki hesabından ödeme emri vermesine aracılık
edilmesidir.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;ul style="list-style-type: square;">&lt;li style="margin-left: 20px;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Rehber’de sektörde görülen farklı iş modellerine yönelik faaliyet izninin gerekip gerekmediği değerlendirilmiştir.
Bununla birlikte, nihai değerlendirmenin TCMB tarafından yapılacağı vurgulanmaktadır.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 20px;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">HBH, temel olarak, “rıza tesisi” ve “hesap bilgilerinin alınması” olarak iki aşamadan oluşur. Bu kapsamda, Rehber’de bir hizmetin HBH olarak değerlendirilmesindeki ölçütler de detaylandırılmıştır.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;li style="margin-left: 20px;">&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Rehber, HBH ve ÖBH’nin birbirinin ön şartını teşkil etmediğini ifade etmektedir. Bu kapsamda, her iki hizmet için
ayrı ayrı lisans başvurusunda bulunulabileceği gibi her ikisi için aynı anda da başvuruda bulunulabileceği belirtilmektedir.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/li>&lt;/ul>&lt;p>&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Rehber, ÖBH ve HBH’lerin nasıl değerlendirilmesi gerektiğine ilişkin yol gösterici bilgiler de içermektedir. Bu kapsamda,
çeşitli senaryolar altında iş modelleri incelenmiş; bu iş modellerinin lisans gerektirip gerektirmediği açıklanmıştır. TCMB
tarafından yayımlanan Rehber’in, açık bankacılık hizmetlerinde yol gösteri olması beklenmekte.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/p>&lt;p>&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">Rehber’in tam metnine &lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;">&lt;a href="https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/d60cc679-ce04-4941-b310-b3788b6f3540/Odeme+Hizmetlerinde+Veri+Paylasim+Servislerine+Iliskin+Rehber.pdf?MOD=AJPERES" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(3, 102, 132);">buradan&lt;/a>&lt;/span>&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"> ulaşabilirsiniz.&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;br>&lt;/p>

Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası (TCMB), 30 Aralık 2022 tarihinde açık bankacılık hizmetleri hakkında “Ödeme Hizmetlerinde Veri Paylaşım Servislerine İlişkin Rehber” (Rehber) yayımladı. Açık bankacılık (Open banking / open bank data), müşterilere daha iyi ve hızlı hizmetler sunulmasını amaçlayan bir hizmet türü. Bu kapsamda, müşterinin açık rızasıyla finansal sistemlerde yer alan verileri, üçüncü taraf hizmet sağlayıcıların erişimine açılır. Açık bankacılık hizmeti ile müşteriler finansal hesaplarında yer alan tüm verilerine tek ekran üzerinden erişim sağlayıp, işlemlerini gerçekleştirebilirler. Türkiye’de ise açık bankacılık hizmetleri, TCMB tarafından düzenlenip denetlenmekte.

Açık Bankacılık Hizmetlerine İlişkin Rehber Yayımlandı

Kripto para birimlerinin son yıllarda ani bir şekilde gelişmesi ve toplum tarafından benimsenmesi devletleri bu konuda araştırmaya itmiştir. Devletler için kripto paralardaki en büyük sorun değişken fiyatlara sahip ve takip edilemez olmasıydı. Yapılan transferlerin takip edilememesi, kara para aklama, vergi kaçakçılığı, terörizmin finansmanı gibi birçok soruna yol açmaktaydı. Stablecoinler ise oldukça istikrarlıydı; bu da devletlerin, merkez bankalarının kendi dijital paralarını çıkarmak üzere çalışmalar başlatmalarına vesile oldu.

Guide to Open Banking Services is Published

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Guide to Open Banking Services is Published

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